Download Cisco Packet Tracer 7.2.1 for freeDownload Packet Tracer 7.2.1 Full for Windows and LinuxStudents preparing for the Cisco exams or network experts wanting to refresh their knowledge can download the latest version of Cisco Packet Tracer to their computers.
The new theme of Cisco Packet Tracer 7.2.1 makes the program more attractive. With Packet Tracer 7.2.2 you can now use Meraki Server! To download Cisco Packet Tracer 7.2.1 for free, sign up for Netacad and download the program from the Download Packet Tracer section for both Windows and Linux. If you want to download the network simulator program directly, you can download Cisco Packet Tracer 7.2.1 by visiting the link below. Link: Cisco Packet Tracer 7.2 NAT Overload Configuration on Cisco RouterNAT Overload is probably the most used type of NAT. You can configure NAT overload in two ways, depending on how many public IP addresses you have available. The first case, and one of the most often seen cases is that you have only one public IP address allocated by your ISP. In this case, you map all your inside hosts to the available IP address. The configuration is almost the same as for dynamic NAT, but this time you specify the outside interface instead of a NAT pool. Router(config)#access list 1 permit 192.168.2.0 0.255.255.255 Router(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 interface serial 0/0/0 overload Router(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/2 Router(config-if)#ip nat inside Router(config-if)#interface Serial 0/0/1 Router(config-if)#ip nat outside For more information about NAT Overload, check out NAT Overload (PAT) Configuration in Packet Tracer Dynamic NAT Configuration on Cisco Router Dynamic NAT is used when the user wants to forward traffic from the LAN segment to the Internet on an untrusted port. The user would configure the NAT in an outbound direction, as well as make sure the corresponding filter policies are defined to allow traffic back in. By default, once the dynamic NAT has been configured the system will add in three filter policies. For more information about Dynamic NAT, check out Dynamic NAT Configuration in Packet Tracer Static NAT Configuration on Cisco RouterStatic NAT is the process of mapping an unregistered IP address to a registered IP address on a one-to-one basis. The unregistered IP address is assigned with the same registered IP address each time the request comes through. This process is used for web servers or hosts that must have a consistent address that is accessible from the Internet. For more information about Static NAT, check out Static NAT Configuration in Packet Tracer RIPv2 Configuration on Cisco Router RIPv2 (RFC 2543) is classless and thus does include the subnet mask with its routing table updates. RIPv2 fully supports VLSMs, allowing discontiguous networks and varying subnet masks to exist. Other enhancements offered by RIPv2 include: • Routing updates are sent via multicast, using address 224.0.0.9 • Encrypted authentication can be configured between RIPv2 routers • Route tagging is supported (explained in a later section) RIPv2 can interoperate with RIPv1. By default: • RIPv1 routers will sent only Version 1 packets • RIPv1 routers will receive both Version 1 and 2 updates • RIPv2 routers will both send and receive only Version 2 updates For more information, check out RIPv2 Configuration in Packet Tracer RIP (Routing Information Protocol) RIP is a standardized Distance Vector protocol, designed for use on smaller networks. RIP was one of the first true Distance Vector routing protocols, and is supported on a wide variety of systems. RIP adheres to the following Distance Vector characteristics: • RIP sends out periodic routing updates (every 30 seconds) • RIP sends out the full routing table every periodic update • RIP uses a form of distance as its metric (in this case, hopcount) • RIP uses the Bellman-Ford Distance Vector algorithm to determine the best “path” to a particular destination Other characteristics of RIP include: • RIP supports IP and IPX routing. • RIP utilizes UDP port 520 • RIP routes have an administrative distance of 120. • RIP has a maximum hopcount of 15 hops. For more information, check out RIP Configuration in Packet Tracer EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) EIGRP is a Cisco-proprietary Hybrid routing protocol, incorporating features of both Distance-Vector and Link-State routing protocols. EIGRP adheres to the following Hybrid characteristics: • EIGRP uses Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) to determine the best path among all “feasible” paths. DUAL also helps ensure a loop-free routing environment. • EIGRP will form neighbor relationships with adjacent routers in the same Autonomous System (AS). • EIGRP traffic is either sent as unicasts, or as multicasts on address 224.0.0.10, depending on the EIGRP packet type. • Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) is used to ensure delivery of most EIGRP packets. • EIGRP routers do not send periodic, full-table routing updates. Updates are sent when a change occurs, and include only the change. • EIGRP is a classless protocol, and thus supports VLSMs. Other characteristics of EIGRP include: • EIGRP supports IP, IPX, and Appletalk routing. • EIGRP applies an Administrative Distance of 90 for routes originating within the local Autonomous System. • EIGRP applies an Administrative Distance of 170 for external routes coming from outside the local Autonomous System • EIGRP uses Bandwidth and Delay of the Line, by default, to calculate its distance metric. It also supports three other parameters to calculate its metric: Reliability, Load, and MTU. • EIGRP has a maximum hop-count of 224, though the default maximum hop-count is set to 100. For more information, check out EIGRP Configuration in Packet Tracer OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) ConfigurationOSPF (Open Shortest Path First) OSPF is a standardized Link-State routing protocol, designed to scale efficiently to support larger networks. OSPF adheres to the following Link State characteristics: • OSPF employs a hierarchical network design using Areas. • OSPF will form neighbor relationships with adjacent routers in the same Area. • Instead of advertising the distance to connected networks, OSPF advertises the status of directly connected links using Link-State Advertisements (LSAs). • OSPF sends updates (LSAs) when there is a change to one of its links, and will only send the change in the update. LSAs are additionally refreshed every 30 minutes. • OSPF traffic is multicast either to address 224.0.0.5 (all OSPF routers) or 224.0.0.6 (all Designated Routers). • OSPF uses the Dijkstra Shortest Path First algorithm to determine the shortest path. • OSPF is a classless protocol, and thus supports VLSMs. Other characteristics of OSPF include: • OSPF supports only IP routing. • OSPF routes have an administrative distance is 110. • OSPF uses cost as its metric, which is computed based on the bandwidth of the link. OSPF has no hop-count limit. The OSPF process builds and maintains three separate tables: • A neighbor table – contains a list of all neighboring routers. • A topology table – contains a list of all possible routes to all known networks within an area. • A routing table – contains the best route for each known network. For more information, check out OSPF Configuration in Packet Tracer Packet Tracer Static Routing ConfigurationThe static routing table is manually created and updated by a network administrator. For static routing, a static route must be configured for each network in each router. This provides a detailed level of control over routing, but is impractical for large networks. Routers will not share static routes with each other, thus reducing CPU / RAM load and bandwidth. However, because any change in the routing infrastructure requires manual intervention, static routing is not fault tolerant. Routers operating in a fully static environment can not select a better route if a connection is not available. For more informatin, check out Static Routing Configuration How to Create a Simple Network Topology in Cisco Packet TracerTo create a simple one on the Cisco Packet Tracer, you must first make a few trials. It is very easy to create a network in Packet Tracer. For example, you can add 3 or 4 computers to the Packet Tracer workspace and connect them to the Cisco Switch to create a small network. Check out the reference link to create a network with Cisco Packet Tracer. Reference: Create a Simple Network in Packet Tracer |
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